Hiding login with Patreon button is not relevant to any of this. It should not be set to on. Its not obligatory to login with Patreon - both normal WP users and Patreon users can log into the site already.
If you set that banner and despite all that no locked post is showing Patreon button and interface, then there may be an issue with caching at your site with your pages showing cached/stale versions of the pages or your site may have lost connection to Patreon.
You can try following the steps in the below guide to refresh your connection: